Description

Alloy 400 is a nickel-copper alloy known for its excellent corrosion resistance in various environments, including seawater. It offers good strength and toughness, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.

Applications

Alloy 400 is commonly used in marine engineering, chemical processing equipment, hydrocarbon processing, and heat exchangers. It is also used in pipes, valves, pumps, and shafts where corrosion resistance is crucial.

Blacksmith Applications

For blacksmiths, Alloy 400 can be used to create corrosion-resistant tools such as chisels, hammers, and punches. Its strength and toughness make it suitable for heavy-duty applications in corrosive environments.

Alloy 400 Forging Temperature

Forging of Alloy 400 should be done between 1700°F - 2100°F (927°C to 1149°C) followed by air cooling or water quenching for optimal mechanical properties.

Alloy 400 Heat Treatment

Alloy 400 Annealing Temperature

Annealing of Alloy 400 is typically performed at 1400°F - 1800°F (760°C to 982°C) followed by water quenching or rapid air cooling to enhance its corrosion resistance and ductility.

Alloy 400 Normalizing Temperature

Normalizing can be carried out at 1650°F - 1750°F (899°C to 954°C) with proper soak time followed by air cooling to eliminate thermal stresses and improve the material's mechanical properties.

Alloy 400 Hardening Temperature

Alloy 400 is not typically hardened through heat treatment. Its strength is primarily derived from cold working or strain hardening techniques.

Alloy 400 Tempering Temperature

Tempering is not applicable for Alloy 400.

Machinability

Alloy 400 has good machinability but can be challenging due to its tendency to work harden. Using sharp tools, slower speeds, and ample coolant is recommended for optimal results.

Weldability

Alloy 400 exhibits good weldability. Common welding methods include gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). Preheating and post-weld heat treatment may be required to ensure proper weld integrity and corrosion resistance.